Wudil Journal of Science and Technology Education
Faculty of Science and Technology Education. Aliko Dangote University of Science and Technology, Wudil
STEM EDUCATION AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP: PATHWAYS TO INNOVATION AND SELF-RELIANCE
In today’s knowledge-driven economy, the fusion of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education with entrepreneurship has become a strategic driver of innovation, socio-economic development, and self-reliance. While STEM equips learners with technical competencies and problem-solving abilities, entrepreneurship fosters the creativity, risk-taking, and value-creation mindset necessary for translating ideas into marketable innovations. This paper explores the nexus between STEM education and entrepreneurship as pathways to innovations and self reliance, examining theoretical perspectives, pedagogical models, and global practices that highlight their combined potential. Drawing on case studies from both developed and developing countries, it analyzes how integrating entrepreneurship into STEM curricula can catalyze innovation ecosystems, reduce unemployment, and promote sustainable self-reliance. The paper concludes with policy recommendations for universities, governments, and industry stakeholders to strengthen STEM-driven entrepreneurship as a pathway to national and global competitiveness. The contemporary global economy is increasingly shaped by knowledge, innovation, and entrepreneurial activities. Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education has emerged as a catalyst for preparing students with the skills, creativity, and mindset necessary for driving innovation and achieving economic self-reliance. This paper examines the intersection between STEM education and entrepreneurship, highlighting how integrative approaches can promote problem-solving, technological advancement, and socio-economic transformation. It discusses pedagogical strategies, case studies, and policy directions that can enhance the entrepreneurial potential of STEM education, particularly in developing countries. The paper argues that embedding entrepreneurship within STEM curricula can serve as a pathway to sustainable development, job creation, and global competitiveness.
Entrepreneurial Mindset Entrepreneurship education STEM-driven entrepreneurship
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TOOTH LOSS AND FOOD CHOICES AMONG THE GERIATRICS OF AMECHI IDODO COMMUNITY NKANU EAST L.G.A, ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA
This study investigated the association between tooth loss and food choices among elderly individuals in Amechi Idodo Community, Nkanu East Local Government Area, Enugu State, Nigeria. A total of 150 participants aged 60 years and above were included. Dietary information was obtained using a structured Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), while oral examinations were conducted to assess tooth loss. Results showed that participants aged 90–100 years experienced the highest rate of tooth loss. Occupational distribution included farmers (43.3%), traders (30.7%), self-employed (15%), civil servants (6%), and unemployed (10%). Among respondents, 42.7% lost 1–3 teeth, 34% lost 4–6 teeth, and 23.3% lost 7–8 teeth. The most frequently consumed foods were roots and tubers (95.3%), cereals and grains (87.3%), and fats and oils (85.3%). Chi-square analysis revealed a significant relationship between tooth loss and food choices (χ² = 8.914, p = 0.012), particularly with roots, tubers, and snacks. Respondents who consumed these foods more frequently had a greater number of missing teeth. The study concludes that poor dentition significantly limits dietary diversity and contributes to nutritional imbalance among older adults. Nutritionists and caregivers should promote texture modification of foods and balanced meal planning to improve nutrient intake and oral health among the elderly.
Tooth loss, edentulism, aging, nutrition, dietary behavior, oral health, geriatric nutrition, food choices, malnutrition, dental rehabilitation.
HARNESSING THE POTENTIAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND SCIENCE EDUCATION TO NURTURE ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND STRENGTHEN SECURITY IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORKS IN KANO METROPOLIS
This research investigates the synergistic potentials of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and science education in nurturing entrepreneurship and enhancing security within the framework of sustainable development. The study adopts a descriptive survey research design, targeting secondary school science educators, technology entrepreneurs and security experts, with a sample of 250 respondents selected through stratified random sampling. Data collection was conducted through structured questionnaires for quantitative analysis and interview guides for qualitative insights. To ensure validity and reliability, the research instruments undergo expert validation by AI, science education, and entrepreneurship professionals, and a pilot study was conducted with 30 respondents, with Cronbach’s Alpha used to assess internal consistency. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics of mean, standard deviation, regression, correlation and thematic analysis. The findings indicate that AI-integrated science education enhances entrepreneurship, strengthens security measures, and nurtures innovation, though challenges such as AI literacy gaps, inadequate infrastructure, and ethical concerns persist. The study recommends increased investment in AI-driven education, targeted teacher training, policy frameworks for AI integration, and stronger academia-industry collaboration to maximize AI’s role in encouraging entrepreneurship and security within sustainable development frameworks.
Artificial Intelligence (AI), Science Education, Entrepreneurship, Sustainable Development and Security
IMPACT OF INDUSTRIALIZATION ON ENVIRONMENT IN BOMPAI, NASARAWA LOCAL GOVERNEMNT AREA OF KANO STATE
This study investigated the impact of industrialization on environment in Bopai, Nasarawa Local Government Area of Kano State. The study raised one research objective, one research question and one null hypothesis. Survey research design was adopted for this study. The population was 50 industries and was maintained as the sample size. Industrialization Questionnaire (IQ) and Environmental Pollution Questionnaire (EPQ) were used as the instruments for data collection. The instruments were validated by experts and the reliability coefficients of 0.67 and 0.55 were established using Cronbach Alpha Method with the help of SPSS. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research question. Simple Linear Regression was used to test the research hypothesis. The research hypothesis was rejected as the calculated P-value was less than the alpha value (< 0.05). The finding revealed that there was a significant impact of industrialization on environment Bopai, Nasarawa Local Government Area of Kano State. Based on the finding, it was concluded that, there was a significant impact of industrialization on environment. The researcher recommended that, industries should adopt corporate social responsibility to enhance the lives of residents in Bompai.
Industrialization, Environmental Pollution, Simple Linear Regression, corporate social responsibility
IMPACT OF SCHOOL LOCATION ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN DAWAKIN KUDU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KANO STATE
This study investigates the impact of school location on students’ academic performance in Dawakin Kudu Local Government Area (LGA) of Kano State, Nigeria. School location is a key determinant of access to quality education, influencing students’ exposure to learning resources, teacher quality, and conducive learning environments. The research adopts a comparative survey design, using questionnaires, school records, and direct observation to assess differences between rural and urban schools. Findings from reviewed studies suggest that rural schools often face infrastructural deficits, teacher shortages, and limited access to educational facilities, which negatively affect academic performance. Conversely, students in urban schools benefit from better resources but may be exposed to distractions such as noise and congestion. The paper concludes that school location significantly influences student achievement and recommends improved infrastructure, equitable teacher deployment, and community-based interventions to bridge the gap between rural and urban schools.
school location, academic performance, rural education, urban schools, Dawakin Kudu, Kano State
ENHANCING CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING OF ATOMIC STRUCTURE THROUGH INQUIRY-BASED INSTRUCTION AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN NIGERIA
This position paper argues for the adoption of inquiry-based instruction (IBI) to enhance senior secondary students’ conceptual understanding of atomic structure in Nigeria. Drawing upon constructivist, socio cultural, and representational theories of learning, the paper situates IBI as a pedagogically superior approach for reducing misconceptions, cultivating scientific process skills, and aligning classroom practices with curriculum reforms. A critical review of global, African, and Nigerian literature provides empirical evidence supporting the efficacy of IBI. The paper advances a coherent position that, despite contextual challenges such as inadequate resources and teacher capacity, inquiry pedagogy remains indispensable. Strategic recommendations are offered for policy, curriculum, assessment, and classroom implementation.
Inquiry-based instruction (IBI), Atomic Structure andChemistry
PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILE AND IN VITRO BIOACTIVITIES OF AGELANTHUSDODONEIFOLIUS: ANTIMALARIAL, ANTIMICROBIAL, AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS
Agelanthusdodoneifolius (Loranthaceae), a hemi-parasitic plant widely utilized in Northern Nigerian ethnomedicine for treating malaria, wounds, and infections, was evaluated for its phytochemical composition and in vitro bioactivities to validate its traditional use. Aqueous, chloroform, and ethanol leaf extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening, revealing tannins, glycosides, saponins, phenols, and flavonoids, but lacking alkaloids, anthraquinones, and phlobatannins. In vitro antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum (5% parasitemia) was determined using the Giemsa staining method. The chloroform and ethanol extracts exhibited dose- dependent activity, with the chloroform extract achieving 84.7% parasite elimination at 10 mg/mL after 48 hours—significantly higher than the ethanol extract (82.4%, p = 0.0145), though less potent than artemether (92.7%). Antimicrobial activity, assessed via the broth microdilution method against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), revealed minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.625–5 mg/mL for ethanol extracts and 1.25–10 mg/mL for chloroform extracts, supporting its traditional application in wound healing. Antioxidant activity determined by the DPPH assay showed IC₅₀ values of 0.45 ± 0.03 mg/mL (ethanol) and 0.82 ± 0.05 mg/mL (chloroform), indicating strong radical scavenging potential compared to ascorbic acid (0.02 ± 0.01 mg/mL). These findings validate the ethnomedicinal relevance of A. dodoneifolius and underscore its potential as a source of antimalarial, antimicrobial, and antioxidant agents. Further work should isolate its bioactive constituents, elucidate mechanisms of action, and evaluate in vivo efficacy for therapeutic development.
Agelanthusdodoneifolius, hemi-parasitic plant, phytochemical composition, in vitro bioactivities, malaria, wounds, infections, phytochemicals.
HYBRIDIZATION OF A MATRIX-FREE METHOD VIA DOUBLE STEP LENGTH APPROACH WITH MULTI-STEP ALGORITHM FOR SOLVING SYSTEMS OF NONLINEAR EQUATIONS.
This paper introduces a novel hybrid method that integrates a matrix- free approach with a double step length strategy and a multi-step iterative process, aimed at effectively solving large-scale systems of nonlinear equations. By deriving an acceleration parameter through the first-order Taylor series expansion, we approximate the Jacobian matrix, thereby enhancing the convergence of the proposed method. The implementation of a derivative-free line search method further supports the global convergence of the algorithm. Numerical experiments demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms recent techniques in the literature, show- casing its efficiency and effectiveness.
System of Nonlinear Equations, Acceleration parameter, Multi- step iterative scheme, Jacobian Matrix, Global convergence.
INFLUENCE OF TiO2 NANOPARTICLES ON PHYSIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TRANSESTERIFIED SHEA BUTTER OIL
Environmental concerns in fossil fuel depletion necessitated the search for alternative fuel from renewable resources. Biodiesel derived from oil crops is a potential renewable and carbon neutral alternative to petroleum fuels. The recent trend is attempt to develop biodiesel from oil crops oil. The focus of this study is to investigate the influence of TiO2nano particles on physiochemical properties of transesterified Shea butter oil. The crude Shea butter oil was purified, transesterified and nanoparticles were dispersed in the transesterified oil with concentration ranging from 0.2% to 1.0% in 0.2% interval. Fourier Transform Infrared spectra (FTIR) was used to examine the structures of the samples.The viscosity, pour point and the flash point were studied. It was found out among other things that small amount of (TiO20.6%) nanoparticles in the oil could improve the physical properties of the fluid. The nanofluid with 0.6% concentration of TiO2 appears to have optimum physical property.
FTIR, Nano Particles, Shea butter Oil, TiO2, Viscosity
GENOTYPIC VARIATION AND YIELD OPTIMIZATION IN BAMBARA GROUNDNUT (VIGNA SUBTERRANEA L. VERDC.) UNDER VARYING PLANT POPULATION DENSITIES IN THE SUDAN SAVANNAH
Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc.) is an underutilized African legume valued for its resilience to drought and poor soils, yet the genotypic variation in its response to plant population density remains underexplored. This study investigated the growth and yield performance of three Bambara groundnut genotypes (Cream Brown Eye, Cream Black Eye, and Mottled Brown Eye) under three population densities (160 × 20 cm, 160 × 30 cm, and 160 × 40 cm) in the Sudan savannah of Nigeria using a split-plot design. Significant effects of genotype, density, and their interaction were observed for plant height, petiole length, and yield components. Wider spacing enhanced vegetative growth, while intermediate density (8 plants m⁻²) maximized grain yield (1.85 t ha⁻¹), reflecting a parabolic density–yield relationship. Among genotypes, Mottled Brown Eye exhibited superior shelling efficiency (82.4%) and productivity index, indicating greater assimilate partitioning and competitive balance under moderate population pressure. The differential density responses among genotypes highlight the presence of exploitable genetic variation for density tolerance and yield stability. These findings suggest that moderate plant density optimizes canopy development, photosynthetic efficiency, and yield per unit area under semi-arid conditions, providing a framework for genotype-specific planting density recommendations to enhance Bambara groundnut productivity and sustainability in dryland cropping systems.
Bambara groundnut; Genotype × density interaction; Tolerance; Yield plasticity.
INTEGRATION OF TECHNOLOGY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KANO STATE, NIGERIA
The integration of technology into educational administration has transformed how schools operate and has significantly improved efficiency, transparency, and accountability by automating record keeping, enhancing communication, and enabling data-driven decision- making. Digital tools streamline administrative tasks, support academic planning, and improve stakeholder engagement through platforms like emails and learning management systems, particularly at the senior secondary level. This paper examines how technology enhances management efficiency, improves communication, and facilitates data-driven decision-making in senior secondary schools in Kano State. Key areas of integration include administration, academics, communication, infrastructure, and finance. While the benefits are substantial, the paper however, also discuss challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, limited funding, poor internet access, and insufficient staff training hinder effective implementation. and proposes strategies for successful implementation To address these issues, the paper advocates for strong ICT policies, capacity-building initiatives, and collaboration among government, private sectors, and educational stakeholders to ensure equitable access and sustainable technological integration for improved school management and learning outcomes in Kano State
Technology, School Management Systems, Senior Secondary Education, Educational Technology, ICT in Schools
EFFECT OF 8-WEEK CONTINUOUS AEROBIC EXERCISE ON BODY COMPOSITION OF MALE ADOLESCENT STUDENTS IN DAWAKIN KUDU, KANO STATE
Several epidemiological studies have shown an inverse relationship between the level of fitness and cardiovascular risk profile in adult population and have also reported that endurance training in this population can reduce the risk factors. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of eight week continuous aerobic exercise on body composition variables of male adolescent secondary school (SS) students of G.S.S. Yankatsari, Dawakin Kudu (DKD) Local Government Area (LGA), Kano State. Population consisted of all the adolescent boys between the ages of 14-18years (n =1,200) in G.SS Yankatsari DKD. 60 male adolescent were randomlysampled and assigned into A&B 30 each. Group were subjected into 8-weeks continuous aerobic exercise (n=30) which is low training modes, of continuous aerobic exercise. it preceded by warm up activities including running, jumps, side Stretch, waist bend, and brisk walking with a view to elevate the body temperature and physiological functions. while B group (n=30) as control. Anthropometric profiles measured were % BF, FP and LBM. null hypotheses were formulated and tested at an alpha level of 0.05. Analysis of Variance One way (ANOVA) determined the significant differences between the 2 groups. Result revealed that 8-week continuous aerobic exercise elicited significant changes in body composition by improving (reduced) % BF of the Experimental group from (9.4105±2.14to 5.49±1.39), it also significantly changes body composition by improving (decreased) the body FP of the Experimental group from (41.7435±.18 to 41.4160±108) and improve LBM (42.13±7.99 to 41.7±18) compared to control group. Kano State ministry of Education should collaborate with Health professionals and exercise scientiststo help create additional services to adolescent students in schools with a view to engage in exercises for maintaining desirable body composition which can lead to healthier living.
Continuous Aerobic Exercise, Body Composition, Male Adolescent
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEACHERS QUALIFICATION AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF GEOGRAPHY STUDENTS IN GOVERNMENT DAY SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL, GWARAM, JIGAWA STATE
This study investigated the relationship between teachers qualification and academic achievement of geography students in Government Day Senior Secondary School, Gwaram, Jigawa State. The study raised one research objective, one research question and one research hypothesis. Survey research design was adopted for this study. The population was 81 geography students and was maintained as the sample size. Teachers Qualification Questionnaire (TQQ) and Students Academic Achievement Proforma (SAAP) were used as the instruments for data collection. The instruments were validated by experts and the reliability coefficient of 0.77 was established using Cronbach Alpha Method with the help of SPSS. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research question. Simple Linear Regression was used to test the null hypothesis. The null hypothesis was rejected as the calculated P-value was less than the alpha value (< 0.05). The finding revealed that there was a significant relationship between teachers qualification and academic achievement of geography students in Government Day Senior Secondary School, Gwaram, Jigawa State. Based on the finding, it was concluded that, there was a significant relationship between teachers qualification and academic achievement of geography students. The researcher recommended that, teachers qualification should be given priority in teaching and learning of geography to enhance the academic achievement of students.
Teachers Qualification, Academic Achievement
EFFECT OF EXERCISE ON OBESE STUDENTS OF HUMAN KINETICS DEPARTMENT OF ALIKO DANGOTE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, WUDIL, KANO
This study investigated the effect of exercise on obese students of the Human Kinetics Department, Aliko Dangote University of Science and Technology, Wudil. The research adopted an experimental design with pre-test and post-test measures. A total of 60 obese students (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) were purposively selected and divided into three groups: aerobic exercise group, resistance training group, and control group. Each intervention lasted for eight weeks. Data on body mass index (BMI), cardiovascular endurance, and muscular strength were collected using standardized fitness tests. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results revealed significant differences among the groups in BMI reduction (F(2,57) = 8.42, p < 0.05) and cardiovascular endurance improvement (F(2,57) = 10.35, p < 0.01). Post-hoc tests showed that aerobic exercise had the most significant effect on cardiovascular endurance, while resistance training was more effective in improving muscular strength. The study concluded that structured exercise interventions significantly reduce obesity indices and enhance physical fitness profiles. It was recommended that university health programs incorporate structured exercise programs to combat obesity among students.
Exercise, Obesity, Human Kinetics, ANOVA, Physical Fitness
HERITABILITY, VARIANCE COMPONENTS AND GENETIC ADVANCE OF GARRI QUALITY TRAITS IN CASSAVAVARIETIES CULTIVATED IN OKUKU OWERRI-WEST SOUTHEASTERN, NIGERIA
The experiment was conducted at the Center for Agricultural Research, School of Agriculture and Agricultural technology of the Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria between January, 2023 – January, 2024 to estimate the heritability, variance components and genetic advance as the percentage of the mean of garri quality traits in cassava varieties cultivated in Okuku (Okuku locals) along some improved varieties. Three local varieties were sourced from a subsistence farmer in Okuku, Owerri-West, Imo State and five improved varieties were sourced from National Root Crop Research Institute (NRCRI), Umudike, Abia State. Each cassava variety was planted in a 12x1m (12m2).plot size at a planting distance of 1mx1m. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. Cassava stem cuttings of about 20cm with at least four nodes were planted on ridges, at 48 weeks after planting; the eight cassava varieties were harvested and processed into garri. The garri quality traits were grouped into: functional properties, proximate composition and minerals composition. Data were collected on swelling index(%), bulk density(g/ml), water absorption capacity(%), moisture content(%), ash(%), dietary fiber(%), crude fat(%), crude protein(%), carbohydrate(%), calcium(%), sodium(%), phosphorus(%) and potassium(%). Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means separation was done using Least Significant Difference (LSD). The Analysis of Variance showed significant differences (p < 0.05) among the cassava varieties evaluated. Nwajeni and TMS 164773 exhibited higher protein, swelling index, and mineral contents, and so, may be preferred for nutritional and functional quality. Conversely, IBA980505 with lower moisture content and higher carbohydrate may be favored for shelf stability and energy yield. Genetic parameters such as mean, range, coefficient of variation, variances, heritability in broad-sense and genetic advance as the percentage of the mean were estimated for the 13 different traits. The study demonstrated that the observed variation was predominantly genetic in nature for most traits. Heritability values range from 35.90 – 100. 43Traits with the highest Genetic Advance as Percentage of Mean (GAM) were Ash (145.45%), Calcium (Ca) (122.22%), Crude Fiber (CFr) (45.45%), and Crude Fat (CF) (44.28%)., the combination of high heritability and high genetic advance for traits like Ash, Ca, CF, and CFr suggests that direct phenotypic selection remains the most efficient and rapid approach to improving key garri quality attributes
heritability, genetic, garri, cassava, traits, varieties
Phytochemical Profile and In Vitro Bioactivities of Agelanthusdodoneifolius: Antimalarial, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Effects
Agelanthusdodoneifolius (Loranthaceae), a hemi-parasitic plant widely used in Northern Nigerian ethnomedicine for treating malaria, wounds, and infections, was investigated for its phytochemical composition and in vitro bioactivities to validate its traditional uses. Aqueous, chloroform, and ethanol leaf extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening, revealing the presence of tannins, glycosides, saponins, phenols, and flavonoids, but the absence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, and phlobatannins. In vitro antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum (5% parasitemia) was assessed using the Giemsa staining method, with chloroform and ethanol extracts exhibiting dose-dependent activity. The chloroform extract achieved 84.7% parasite elimination at 10 mg/mL after 48 hours, significantly higher than the ethanol extract (82.4%, p = 0.0145), though less potent than artemether (92.7%). Antimicrobial activity was evaluated via the broth microdilution method against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.625 to 5 mg/mL for ethanol extracts and 1.25 to 10 mg/mL for chloroform extracts, supporting traditional uses for wound healing. Antioxidant activity, assessed by the DPPH assay, showed IC₅₀ values of 0.45 ± 0.03 mg/mL (ethanol) and 0.82 ± 0.05 mg/mL (chloroform), indicating significant radical scavenging potential compared to ascorbic acid (0.02 ± 0.01 mg/mL). These findings validate the ethnomedicinal applications of A. dodoneifolius and highlight its potential as a source of antimalarial, antimicrobial, and antioxidant agents. Further studies are warranted to isolate bioactive compounds, elucidate mechanisms of action, and assess in vivo efficacy and ecological sustainability for therapeutic development.
IMPACT OF PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGY ON ATTITUDE AND STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN GEOMETRY AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN KUMBOTSO ZONAL EDUCATION DIRECTORATE, KANO STATE, NIGERIA
This study examined the impact of a problem-solving strategy (PSS) on senior secondary students’ attitudes toward geometry and their academic performance in the Kumbotso Educational Zone, Kano State, Nigeria. A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control-group design was employed, with four intact SS II classes randomly assigned to experimental (n = 145) and control (n = 131) groups, drawn from a population of 9,882 students. The intervention spanned five weeks. Two validated instruments were employed: the Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT; KR-20 = .82) and the Geometric Attitudinal Scale (GAS; α = .86). The experimental group was taught selected SS II geometry topics with a structured PSS (ACE-M), while the control group received conventional instruction. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential tests at α = .05, including independent-samples and paired comparisons (t- or Z- tests as appropriate) and ANCOVA to adjust for pretest differences. Results showed that students exposed to PSS achieved significantly higher posttest scores in geometry and reported more positive attitudes than peers taught conventionally. No statistically significant differences emerged by gender or by school location (urban/rural), indicating the strategy’s equitable effectiveness across subgroups. The findings suggest that adopting problem-solving approaches can strengthen both cognitive and affective outcomes in secondary-school geometry. Implications for curriculum planning, teacher professional development, and resource provision are discussed.
Problem-Solving Strategy, Academic Performance, Attitude, Geometry, Gender, Location, Senior Secondary School, Kano State.
IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE ON METHANE EMISSIONS FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL SITE IN KANO METROPOLIS, NIGERIA
Methane, is a powerful Greenhouse gas, more effective in trapping heat in the atmosphere than Carbon dioxide, with a global warming potential 34 times greater than Carbon dioxide. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of atmospheric pressure on methane emissions from Maimalari municipal solid waste disposal site in Kano metropolis. The reading of Methane emission, using Crowcon–Gasman “FL”, was done during both the morning (07:00 hours to 09:00 hours’ local time) and afternoon (13:00 hours to 15:00 hours’ local time) periods. First of all, the readings were taken at about the center position of the disposal site, and then one each at 100m away from the center at the four cardinal points (North, East, South, and West). This makes a total reading of five, and per period, for each observation day. The monitoring points over a disposal site were labeled as A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5, in which A1 is the point at the center, A2 at the north, A3 at the south, A4 at the west and A5 is the point at the east. The mean of the five readings constitute the average Methane emissions for the site, for each period. The geographic coordinates of the center position of the monitoring points (A1) was recorded using a portable Garmin Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver. During the monitoring, the Crowcon–Gasman “FL” was held within 30 to 60 centimeters off the ground surface. Also, the concentration of Methane emissions was recorded in percentage (%) (lower explosive limit). The monitoring covered one season of the year (cool dry season of the harmattan, January, 2024). The monitoring was conducted at the first seven consecutive days of January. However, the results of the study revealed that the correlation coefficient value (-0.675) for Pressure and Methane emissions is very significant, statistically (0.00<0.05), hence, the relationship is negative, confirming that Pressure has a significant negative impact on Methane emissions at the site. The study recommends that monitoring of methane emissions should be conducted during periods when atmospheric pressure is falling.
Methane emissions, Monitoring, Solid waste disposal site, Atmospheric Pressure, Crowcon–Gasman “FL”.
ASSESSING THE ROLE OF ICT IN THE MANAGEMENT OF COVID-19 SAFETY MEASURES DURING THE 2020 LOCKDOWNIN KANO STATE
ICT stands for Information and Communication Technology. It is a generic term referring to a technology being used for collecting, storing, editing, and processingof information in various forms. Similarly, COVID-19 is a disease that has posed a devastating impact on public health in the world and Nigeria in particular. Above all, it has crippled theeconomic and socialactivities of the people as a result of the persistent lockdown imposed at various regular intervals when the disease was at its height in 2020. Against this background, therefore, this paper is a reflection on the role of ICT as it can be applied for the management of COVID-19 safety measures and other disease outbreaks in the country in the future. The paper examine the concept of information technology in the management of COVID-19 in Kano State. It also reviews some research work related to the role of management of information technology in keeping the people fully informed about their responsibilities in curtailing the spread of the virus. Methodologically, the paper uses a descriptive survey method and purposive sampling technique, which allows the selection of five local governments in Kano state, namely: Fagge, Dala, Nasarrawa, Tarauni, and Gwale local governments area of Kano State. Five fundamental questions were raised, in which 20 respondents were randomly selected from each of the local governments, and the questionswere administered to them. Data presentation and analysis: the result of the data from the field was analysed using percentages (%). The findings of the study reveal that ICT can be used to manage COVID-19 and any other disease outbreak in the future in Kano state. It also states that the power supply can limit the effective use of ICT in the state. The paper provides some recommendations for improvement in power supply and an increase in government funding in economic activities and the production of ICT materials.
Information and Communication Technology, Covid-19, SafetyMeasures and Management.
COLONIAL RELICS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE INTHE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NIGERIAN NATION
he target of every good government is to provide her citizenry with the basic amenities of life. Such has not been fully realized in Nigeria and cannot be realized at least for now, through her numerous vernaculars since none of them unites the nation. It is only a language which the peoples of Nigeria can use to relate with one another that can be used to build the nation. This role falls on the English language which is the nation’s official and second language, as well as her lingua Franca. Consequently, this article sought to highlight the roles the English language performs in the building of the Nigerian nation.
Colonial Relics, Implantation, Lingua-franca, Vernacular, Technological Transfer
ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIGITAL INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING OF WOODWORK IN KANO STATE TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS
This study evaluated the effectiveness of digital instructional technologies in the teaching and learning of Woodwork Technology within tertiary institutions in Kano State.. The study was guided by three objectives, three research questions, and three null hypotheses. A descriptive survey design was employed, involving a population of 25 respondents comprising 15 lecturers and 10 technologists from Kano State Polytechnic and the Federal College of Education (Technical), Bichi. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection, and the data were analysed using mean, standard deviation, and t-test statistics with SPSS version 25. Findings revealed that digital instructional technologies are effective in enhancing student engagement, improving understanding of complex concepts, increasing efficiency, and preparing students for modern industry requirements. However, challenges, including limited digital literacy, insufficient infrastructure, inadequate institutional support, and recurring technical problems, impede their effective integration. The study concludes that while digital technologies significantly improve the teaching and learning of woodwork technology, adequate training for lecturers, provision of digital facilities, and strong institutional support are critical for their successful implementation. It is recommended that tertiary institutions invest in digital infrastructure, provide continuous training for lecturers and technologists, and ensure sustainable institutional support. This will equip students with the necessary 21st-century skills for gainful employment and national development.
Digital instructional technologies, Woodwork Technology, Tertiary institutions, Teaching and learning, Student engagement, 21st-century skills, Kano State.
EFFECTS OF TWO CONCEPT-MAPPING STRATEGIES ON RETENTION AND PERFORMANCE IN ECOLOGY AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ZONKWA, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
This study investigated the Effects of Two Concept Mapping Strategies on Retention Performance in Ecology among Senior Secondary School Biology students. The total population for the study consisted of 2,958 students, and a sample size of 196 students was purposively selected from three secondary schools in Zonkwa Education Zone in Kaduna State. A Quasi-experimental pretest and posttest research design was used for the study, which featured three groups (Experimental groups 1&2 and the Control group). The experimental group 1 was exposed to the spider concept mapping strategy, and the experimental group 2 was exposed to the hierarchical concept mapping strategy, while the control group was taught using lecture method. Three schools were purposively selected for the study. The Instrument that was used to collect data for the study is Ecology Concept Performance Test (ECPT), with a reliability coefficient of 0.82 was used to collect data. Two null hypotheses were formulated. The data collected were analyzed using t-test Statistic, ANOVA, and Scheffe’s test at a significance level of P≤0.05. Result indicated that the experimental groups performed significantly better than the control group in their academic performance after undergoing the experimental treatment with two types of concept mapping strategies. Based on these findings, it was recommended that teachers should incorporate types of concept mapping strategies into the mainstream of pedagogy in the teaching of ecology at Senior Secondary School level as it seems to have high potentials for enhancing high-order thinking skills, meaningful learning on the part of the learners.
Concept-Mapping, Strategies, Retention, Performance and Ecology
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN SCIENCE SUBJECTS BETWEEN PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN WUDIL LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KANO STATE, NIGERIA
This study presents a comparative analysis of academic performance in science subjects between private and public secondary school students in Wudil Local Government Area, Kano State, Nigeria. The study aimed to determine the difference in students’ performance and the factors responsible for it. An ex-post facto research design was adopted, and data were obtained through documentary analysis of the 2022 NECO examination results and through interview from two purposively selected schools out of 14 public and 9 private secondary school in Wudil: Aliko Dangote Staff Secondary School (private) and Government Girls Secondary School, Wudil (public). A total of 162 students’ results were analyzed and classified into Distinction (A1–B3), Credit (C4–C6), Pass (D7–E8), and Fail (F9). Descriptive statistics involving frequency counts and percentages were used for analysis. The validity and reliability of the data were ensured through the use of official and standardized NECO examination results, which reflect students’ true academic achievement. Findings revealed that private school students recorded higher distinctions and credits across all science subjects, while public school students had higher failure rates, particularly in Mathematics (30.6%) and English (37.7%). The study concludes that private schools provide a more conducive learning environment for science education, while public schools face systemic challenges. It recommends improved resource provision, teacher training, smaller class sizes, and enhanced home–school collaboration to boost science performance in public secondary schools.
Academic performance, science subjects, private and public schools, validity, reliability, Wudil, NECO, Nigeria.
ASSESSING THE EFFECT OF URBANIZATION ON EDUCATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE IN NASARAWA LOCAL GOVERNMENT, KANO STATE.
Urbanization is one of the major demographic forces reshaping Nigeria’s urban and peri-urban landscapes. While it contributes to modernization and economic growth, it exerts pressure on public services, especially education. This study assesses the effects of urbanization on educational infrastructure in Nasarawa Local Government Area (LGA) of Kano State. The research employed a mixed-methods approach, using questionnaires, interviews, and secondary data sources. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The results show that rapid population growth and land-use changes have overstretched available educational facilities, increased pupil–teacher ratios, and deepened spatial inequalities between urban and peri-urban schools. The study concludes that unless urban planning incorporates educational infrastructure development, learning quality will continue to decline. Recommendations include integrated urban planning, improved funding, equitable distribution of schools, and strengthened public–private partnerships to enhance education delivery.
Urbanization, Educational Infrastructure, Population Growth, Urban Planning, Kano State
THE CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS OF CIVIL SERVICE REFORMS IN NIGERIA’S FOURTH REPUBLIC
The study reviewed the challenges and prospects of civil service reforms in Nigeria’s fourth republic since its inception on 29th May 1999 to 29th May 2025. The article assessed that the current civil service faces daunting tasks in recruitment, remuneration, posting, discipline, training, and general commitment to roles and duties in Nigeria; those necessitate the reviews. Mainly, secondary data was utilised in the review. The need to review civil service reforms in Nigeria’s fourth republic is important in updating the tasks and many more. The study explores the background of the civil service from colonial to post-colonial administrations. Therefore, the content and context of the civil service reforms as well as how it affects national development are described and measures of improvement advocated. The paper further investigates and finds out that the challenge of implementation of the reforms system is more difficult task than the processes of its making. Thus, specifically after analysing the policy direction and implications of the reforms in the fourth republic the new task is the new public administration that emphasis on staff motivation and professionalism in line with the national development plan. The study concludes by recommending improvement among others on the welfare of public servants for effective and efficient service delivery.
Civil Service, Civil Service Reforms, Fourth Republic, New Pubic Administration
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF LAGOS–IBADAN RAIL-LINE: A PASSENGER-CENTRIC ANALYSIS OF OPERATIONS AND MODE CHOICE
With a focus on the rail-line system, the study aimed to assess how well various types of transportation performed along the Lagos-Ibadan route. Quantitative information on demographics, preferred modes of transportation, and operational efficiency was gathered from coaches and passengers using a well-designed questionnaire. Six sections were used to collect data from the sample, which consisted of about 325 respondents. The study used partial least squares (PLS) regression modeling to examine how the mode of transportation affected performance and descriptive statistics to evaluate passenger experiences. The analysis reveals that there was little difference in passenger satisfaction between the 100 km/h and 120 km/h rail services. With mean values ranging from 4.53 to 4.58, train line safety, comfort, and trip time were consistently assessed. While the 100 km/h service was somewhat preferred in terms of frequency, earning 4.55 versus 4.54, the 120 km/h service obtained significantly higher safety ratings. This indicates that travelers believe both services to be dependable and effective. Passenger data analysis revealed a mean satisfaction score of 4.54, highlighting the significance of convenience and affordability when selecting rail travel. Although delays and crowding were observed, they did not substantially lower overall satisfaction. When compared to rail line systems, bus and automobile transit showed poorer performance rankings. Rail is positioned as a favorable mode for future transportation initiatives by the PLS model, which validates the substantial impact of transportation mode on performance, particularly in terms of safety and speed.
Rail transit; Lagos–Ibadan; mode choice; passenger satisfaction; PLS regression; Nigeria
KANO STATE’S EDUCATIONAL SECTOR: SUCCESSES AND CHALLENGES AMID STATE OF EMERGENCY
Education remains a vital engine of economic growth and national development. In Kano State, persistent educational decline led to the declaration of a State of Emergency on Education to address systemic deficiencies. This study critically examines the successes and challenges recorded in the education sector following this intervention. The study adopted a descriptive survey design using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Data were collected from 150 respondents comprising teachers, school administrators, and Ministry of Education officials. Descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, and charts were used to analyze the data. Results revealed significant achievements, including school rehabilitation, improved enrollment, and increased teacher recruitment. However, challenges such as inadequate funding, poor infrastructure, insecurity, and socio-cultural barriers continue to impede progress. The study concludes that while notable strides have been made, the sustainability of reforms depends on consistent funding, accountability, and strong community participation.
Education, Kano State, Policy Reform, State of Emergency, Challenges, Development
PATTERN OF PLATOON DISPERSION DUE TO DRIVER BEHAVIOR AT SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS
With evidence of decrease in efficient flow portraying induced discharge flow pattern at signalized intersections mainly due to the drivers behaviours, the research provides empirical evaluation into the most conspicuous behaviours especially phone distractions and traffic violations along the subject approaches of three distinct signalized intersections within Kano Metropolis along three dual three-lane motorways. The research employed field observational method to assess the impacts of drivers’ behavior of cell-phone usages and traffic violations through green duration. It was observed after analysis; the highest distractive behaviour by drivers is use of cell-phone gulping SLT of 0.3-0.5 seconds against 0.1- 0.8 seconds of other activities or more respectively, constituting more than half capacity loss of the traffic. The headway of the traffic is impacted by an increase in 1 seconds for a single cell-phone user which posed a stabilizing effect with varying increase of 0.3 seconds when other any mix of activities are added. This concludes a variety of driver behavior having impact in different manner on the integrity of the traffic. The models provided may help researchers, practitioners, and policy makers among other stakeholders in formulating and employing various interventions and strategies to a more cordially, safe, effective and efficient traffic operations within and beyond signalized intersections. Better signal timing and social intervention is recommended to be appropriated. Whilst the data collection methodology and modeling should be minutely extended which would enhance the results along with other relevant researches.
start-up lost time; headway; cell-phone users; flow capacity.
EFFECT OF FLIPPED CLASSROOM STRATEGY ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN MATHEMATICS AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN BICHI EDUCATION ZONAL DIRECTORATE, KANO NIGERIA
This study investigated the Effect of Flipped Classroom Strategy on Academic Achievement in Mathematics among Senior Secondary School Students in Bichi Education Zonal Directorate, Kano Nigeria. A pretest, posttest quasi-experimental research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study consisted of 5,880 senior secondary two (S.S. 2) students in senior secondary schools of Bichi zonal education directorate, Kano Nigeria . A sample of 268 students in intact class were selected to serve as sample of the study by stratified sampling from the population. Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT), validated by experts with reliability coefficient of 0.80 computed using PPMC was used as an instrument of data collection. MAT was administered at pre-test, post-test. The treatment in this study lasted for five weeks, before treatment pre-test was administered then post-test followed immediately after the treatment. Two research questions were answered using mean and standard deviation and two research hypotheses were tested at 0.05 significant level using independent z-test and the analysis was done in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 30. The results revealed that students taught Mathematics using Flipped classroom strategy have higher academic achievement than those taught using traditional method of teaching. It also showed that there is significant difference in achievement scores between male and female students when taught Mathematics using Flipped classroom strategy. Based on the findings, it was recommended that mathematics teachers should endeavor to adopt the flipped classroom as a teaching strategy, Mathematics teachers should be trained on effective procedures for implementing Flipped Classroom strategy in their classrooms by organizing seminars and workshops. Federal and state government through ministry of education and other educational agencies should provide teachers with learning materials based on Flipped Classroom Learning strategy.
flipped classroom strategy, academic achievement,
Water is universally recognized as the foundation of life, playing roles that go far beyond hydration. It acts as a solvent, transport medium, temperature regulator, and the carrier of electrolytes that sustain nearly all biological processes. Electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate, and phosphate are critical for nerve transmission, muscle contraction, acid-base regulation, and cellular homeostasis. This paper explores the essential role of water as an electrolyte solvent to life, emphasizing its physiological importance, storage in the body, interaction with electrolytes, balance across compartments, and the dietary sources that naturally replenish electrolytes. By taking a health-oriented approach, the paper underscores how everyday hydration and nutrition practices can maintain optimal electrolyte balance and prevent common health challenges such as dehydration, fatigue, and muscle dysfunction. Therefore, it was recommended that specific actions be taken to promote hydration and electrolyte health across all sectors, including individual, clinical, and policy domains.
Electrolytes, Cellular Homeostasis, Hydration and Nutrition